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Nettle genus of flowering plant family nettle. Stems and leaves are covered with stinging hairs which gave the Latin name uro. The genus includes more than 50 species. Grow mainly in the zone of temperate climate in North and southern hemispheres. Most common in Russia are Stinging nettle and small nettle.

Perennial or annual monoecious or dioecious herbaceous plants c opposite leaves. Leaves entire jagged serrated or 3-5 dissected stipules paired sometimes fused. Leaves of the plant like stems often covered with stinging hairs.

Inflorescences dichotomous tsimoznye false spike. Flowers stamen to pistil or ovary rudimentary. Perianth chetyrohchlenny immutable shares in staminate flowers. In pistillate flowers perianth with two internal sprawling after flowering and two outer lobes varying proportions. Ovary top unilocular with one semyapochkoy stigma sessile or on a short column. Stamens four opposite perianth lobes. Fruit flat nut compressed imprisoned in the remaining perianth.

Many species of nettle are protected from grazing animals by means of stinging hairs which are located in all parts of the plant. Each hair is a large cell shaped like a medical vial. The upper part of the vial extends beyond the outer surface of the surrounding cells of the plant. In this tip contains salts of silicon. Even when a small impact is breaking the tip sharp end penetrates the skin and enters the contents of the cells into the animal. Juice cells contain histamine choline and formic acid whose impact is manifested feeling sharp burns in place of touching the plant.

Sting relatively harmless although there are some tropical species the touch which is very painful and can even lead to death.

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